Alopecia areata is a condition that causes sudden hair loss in small, round patches on the scalp or other parts of the body. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles, leading to hair loss. The cause of this autoimmune disorder is not fully understood, but genetics and environmental factors may play a role. Alopecia areata can affect people of all ages and may be temporary or long-lasting. While there is no cure, treatments such as steroid injections, creams or ointments, or light therapy may help stimulate hair growth and manage symptoms.

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