Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure, is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40. This can lead to irregular or missing menstrual periods, infertility, and symptoms of deficiency in estrogen, which are female hormones, such as hot flashes, which are sudden feelings of heat, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. While the exact cause of POI is often unknown, it can result from genetic factors, autoimmune disorders, or certain medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Treatment for POI focuses on managing symptoms and may include hormone replacement therapy to ease symptoms of estrogen deficiency and protect bone health. Additionally, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), which is fertilization outside the body, may be considered for women who wan to become pregnant. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help improve quality of life and address the long-term health consequences associated with POI.

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