Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the lower part of the large intestine, known as the sigmoid colon. During this procedure, a doctor uses a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, called a sigmoidoscope, which is inserted through the rectum. The tube allows the doctor to see and check for problems such as inflammation, polyps, or tumors in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Sigmoidoscopy helps diagnose conditions like colorectal cancer or other digestive issues and can be used to take samples for biopsy or remove polyps if needed.

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