The parathyroid gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located near the thyroid gland in the neck. Despite their small size, they play a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream, increasing calcium absorption from the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion through the kidneys. This hormone also acts to regulate phosphorus levels. The proper functioning of the parathyroid glands is essential for maintaining bone health, nerve and muscle function, and overall mineral balance in the body.

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