Politeness theory is a framework that explores how individuals use language to navigate social relationships and manage face, or self-image, in communication. Developed by sociolinguists Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, this theory identifies two key aspects of politeness: positive politeness, which aims to enhance relationships and show approval, and negative politeness, which seeks to minimize pressure and maintain distance. Politeness strategies vary based on cultural norms and social contexts, influencing how people express requests, apologies, and disagreements. By examining these strategies, politeness theory provides insights into the dynamics of communication and the role of social context in shaping language use.

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