Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, the sac that hangs below the penis. Normally, testicles develop within the abdomen during fetal development and usually descend into the scrotum before birth or shortly afterward. However, in cases of cryptorchidism, this descent does not occur. The condition is most commonly diagnosed in newborns or young infants. Treatment may involve hormone therapy or surgery to reposition the testicles into the scrotum, as undescended testicles have an increased risk of complications, including infertility and testicular cancer later in life. Early detection and treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.

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