Algebraic notation is the standard system used to record and describe moves in a chess game. Each square on the chessboard is identified by a unique combination of a letter and a number. The vertical columns, or files, are labeled from "a" to "h," starting from the left side, and the horizontal rows, or ranks, are labeled from "1" to "8," starting from the bottom. Each piece is identified by a letter, such as K for king, Q for queen, N for knight, R for rook, B for bishop, and no letter for pawns. A move is recorded by specifying the piece's starting square and its destination square, for example, e2 to e4 is written as e2-e4. Captures are noted with an "x," for example, exd5 means a pawn on the e-file captures a piece on d5. Algebraic notation is widely used in chess literature, tournaments, and online games.

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