تعريف ومعنى "motte-and-bailey castle"

What is a "motte-and-bailey castle"?

A motte-and-bailey castle is a type of medieval castle with two main parts. The motte is a raised hill made of earth, often topped with a wooden or stone tower for defense. The bailey is the area next to the motte, enclosed by a fence or wall, where people lived and stored supplies. A ditch or trench often surrounds the bailey to provide extra protection. This design makes it easier to defend against attackers, as the tower on the motte gives a good view of the area. Motte-and-bailey castles were commonly built in the early Middle Ages and served as homes and strongholds for lords and their families.