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Nerve cell
01
神经细胞
a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system
What is a "nerve cell "?
A nerve cell, or neuron, is a fundamental building block of the nervous system. It is a highly specialized cell responsible for transmitting electrical signals and information throughout the body. Nerve cells consist of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and other organelles, and long, slender extensions called dendrites and axons. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while axons transmit signals to other cells. Nerve cells play a crucial role in processes such as sensation, movement, and cognition, allowing for the complex functioning of the nervous system.
例子
Glutamate receptors on nerve cells play a significant role in learning and memory processes.
In nerve cells, the Golgi apparatus contributes to the formation of myelin, a fatty substance protecting nerve fibers.
Vitamin B12, containing cobalt, is important for maintaining healthy nerve cells.
Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters in nerve cells, releasing them into the synapse during nerve signal transmission.
The study of neurophysiology helps scientists understand how nerve cells communicate and how brain activity translates to behavior and cognition.
