Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder, which is the organ that stores urine. It often starts in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder. Symptoms of bladder cancer may include blood in the urine, which may appear pink, red, or  dark brown; frequent or urgent need to urinate; pain or burning during urination; and lower back pain. Bladder cancer is more common in men than in women, and risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals or substances, exposure to radiation, older age, and a history of persistent bladder inflammation or infections. Treatment options for bladder cancer depend on factors such as the type, stage, and grade of cancer, but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. Early detection and treatment are important for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications.

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