A half step, also known as a semitone, is the smallest distance between two pitches in Western music. It represents the move from one key to the very next key on a piano keyboard, whether black or white. For example, the move from C to C♯ or from E to F is a half step. In musical notation, a half step raises or lowers a note by the smallest possible amount, and it is important for defining scales, chords, and harmonies.

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