Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, which is the swallowing tube, causing irritation and inflammation. This can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, food or sour liquid coming back up the esophagus, difficulty swallowing, and coughing. GERD occurs when the muscle that acts like a door between the esophagus and the stomach weakens or relaxes inappropriately. Factors that can contribute to GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, and certain medications. Treatment usually involves lifestyle changes such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and maintaining a healthy weight, as well as medications that reduce stomach acid production or help strengthen the weakened or relaxed muscle. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying issue.

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