"internal reconstruction"の定義と意味

What is "internal reconstruction"?

Internal reconstruction is a linguistic method used to study the historical development of a language by analyzing variations within a single language rather than comparing it to other languages. This process involves examining irregular forms, patterns, and phonetic changes within a language to infer its earlier stages and possible ancestral forms. By identifying inconsistencies or variations in word forms and structures, linguists can make educated guesses about what the language looked like in the past. For example, internal reconstruction may reveal how certain vowel sounds have changed over time or how specific grammatical forms have evolved. This method is particularly useful when there are limited historical records or when related languages are not available for comparison, allowing linguists to reconstruct aspects of a language's history and evolution.