Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins produced by certain types of bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It can occur in both men and women, but it is most commonly associated with menstruating women who use tampons. Symptoms of TSS may include sudden high fever, rash resembling sunburn, low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and confusion. TSS can progress quickly and lead to life-threatening complications such as organ failure and shock. Treatment usually involves hospitalization, antibiotics given through a tube in a vein, and supportive care to help the patient's condition. Prevention involves good hygiene practices and avoiding leaving tampons in for extended periods.

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