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What is a "dependent-marking language"?

A dependent-marking language is a type of language in which grammatical relationships between words, such as subject and object, are primarily indicated through markings on the dependent words, the ones governed by or related to other words, rather than on the heads of phrases, such as the verb. In such languages, affixes or case markers are typically added to nouns or pronouns to show their grammatical role in the sentence. For example, in a sentence, the object or subject might receive a specific marker to indicate its function. Dependent-marking languages often provide clear distinctions in how participants in an action relate to each other through these word modifications. Examples of dependent-marking languages include Hungarian and Japanese.