Pernicious anemia is a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12. This vitamin is crucial for the production of healthy red blood cells in the bone marrow. Without enough B12, red blood cells become large, misshapen, and unable to function properly. Symptoms of pernicious anemia may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. If untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage and problems with the heart and brain. Treatment typically involves regular B12 injections or high-dose B12 supplements to restore normal levels of the vitamin in the body.

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