Caenolestidae, commonly known as shrew opossums or rat opossums, are a family of small marsupials found in South America. They are known for their unique features, including a pointed snout, sharp teeth, and prehensile tail. Caenolestidae are insectivorous, feeding on insects, small vertebrates, and plant material. They are typically solitary and nocturnal, spending most of their time in dense vegetation or underground burrows. They have a relatively short lifespan and high metabolic rate, which allows them to be highly active and efficient predators. Caenolestidae are considered living fossils, as they are believed to represent one of the most primitive branches of marsupials that have remained relatively unchanged over millions of years. They are an important part of the South American ecosystem, playing a role in insect control and nutrient cycling.

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