Oral candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat. It is caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus which is naturally present in the mouth but can grow excessively under certain conditions. Oral candidiasis can show up as creamy white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, throat, or roof of the mouth. These patches may be painful or cause discomfort, especially when eating or swallowing. Risk factors for oral candidiasis include a weakened immune system, certain medications, such as antibiotics, diabetes, dry mouth, and poor oral hygiene. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as oral rinses or tablets, to eliminate the fungus. Good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing, may also help prevent oral candidiasis.

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